It's actually the Kastle-Meyer test - a forensic presumptive blood test. You collect the sample on a swab, apply a few drops of alcohol, then a few drops of phenolphthalein and finally a few drops of hydrogen peroxide. If it turns pink then it's positive for blood.
Here's your bonus question: what test did the Kastle-Meyer test replace and why was that test phased out?
benzidine test - used for many years to confirm the presence of blood - has been discontinued because the reagent is carcinogenic.
Well, the Babylonias used finger prints for business transactions, but the first modern person to recognize their usefulness in identification was Dr. Henry Faulds
Didn't Sir William Hershel recognize the identifiable characteristics before Faulds? His sole purpose wasn't really for identification, but I believe he later realized that fingerprints were all unique to every individual.
Dr. Faulds was credited with the first fingerprinting identification on an alcohol bottle left at a burglary scene. He then suggested the use of fingerprinters ink as a method of obtaining fingerprints from people. He was then also credited with being the first European to publish an article that suggested that fingerprints may assits in crime investigations by 'scientific identification or criminals.' This was in 1880. Sir William Hershel, was working as the Asst. JointMagistrate and Collector in India in 1858. He had the locals impress their hand print on the back of contracts. This was to frighten the locals from repudating their signatures, thus the first wide-scale modern day use of fingerprints was not based on scientific evidence, just his superstitions. In 1880, he wrote Skin Furrows of the Hand' which he described using fingerprints as signatures. Now, Sir Francis Galton determined in 1892 that scientifically speaking, that fingerprints do not change over time and that no two prints are the same. Incidentally, he is also the cousin of Sir Charles Darwin.